How is criterion-referenced grading primarily used in education?

Criterion-referenced grading is primarily used to measure student performance against predetermined standards or criteria rather than against the performance of other students. This assessment method establishes clear benchmarks that students are expected to meet, which allows educators to evaluate their mastery of specific skills or knowledge areas. By focusing on these defined standards, criterion-referenced grading promotes fairness and clarity in the evaluation process, as each student can be assessed based solely on their own understanding and abilities regarding the subject matter.

In this approach, educators set clear expectations for what constitutes various levels of achievement, enabling students to understand exactly what they need to do to reach a particular goal. This method fosters a growth mindset in students, encouraging them to focus on personal improvement and mastery of the content rather than competition with their peers.